Influences - alphabetical
Key points
Section titled “Key points”- Albert Watson (b. 1942) is a Scottish photographer known for fashion, portrait, and fine art work.
- Moved from London to LA in 1970, then to New York in 1976, focusing on advertising/editorial before moving into fine art.
- Emphasises creating iconic, gallery-worthy images with lighting that adds mystery and power.
- Builds lighting step by step: begins with a key light, then removes light with flags and scrims to shape mood.
- Treats the face like a landscape (“mountain range with valleys”), using cross-lighting to create shadow depth.
- Uses a beauty dish to give theatrical, tungsten-like light; prefers single, controlled light sources for drama.
- Timing is crucial with dancers – “perfection lasts for 1/500 of a second.”
- Draws inspiration from Michelangelo and Caravaggio for power, geometry, and dramatic chiaroscuro.
- Considers light the essential element: it can make an image simple, elegant, dynamic, or dramatic.
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Key points
Section titled “Key points”- Ansel Adams (1902–1983) was a leading American photographer, known for his detailed black-and-white landscapes, especially of Yosemite.
- Originally trained as a pianist, he turned to photography in the 1920s after experimenting with pictorialist techniques.
- Co-founded Group f/64 with Edward Weston and Imogen Cunningham, promoting “pure” photography over pictorialism.
- Master of darkroom printing – his prints are best appreciated in person due to fine tonal detail.
- Developed the Zone System (with Fred Archer), a method for controlling exposure and development to achieve precise tonal range.
- Produced iconic works such as Moonrise, Hernandez, Half Dome, and Snake River, Grand Tetons.
- Advocated for wilderness preservation; his photographs helped establish national parks.
- Prolific teacher, writer, and promoter of photography; published instructional books and ran workshops.
- His aesthetic influence has waned slightly in contemporary practice, but his technical and educational legacy remains foundational.
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Key points
Section titled “Key points”- Berenice Abbott demonstrated remarkable versatility across portrait, documentary, architectural, and science photography.
- Learned technical skills assisting Man Ray in Paris (1923) before opening her own studio.
- Influenced by Eugène Atget, whose work she promoted.
- Her “Changing New York” series showcased photography’s power in social documentation, capturing urban development and its impact on human behaviour.
- Her compositions emphasised symmetry, perspective, and use of lines to guide the viewer’s eye.
- Abbott masterfully used light to create contrast and dramatism across varied subjects, demonstrating technical skill regardless of scale.
- Her pioneering work in science photography led to the invention of new techniques and equipment, underscoring the innovative and technical aspects of photography.
- Later years were spent photographing landscapes and surroundings in Maine.
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– “Science photography” here refers to visualising scientific concepts and experiments; it’s less about everyday subjects and more about illustrating ideas clearly.
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Key points
Section titled “Key points”- The Edinburgh Calotype Club (founded 1842) was one of the world’s first photography clubs, using the calotype process introduced by William Fox Talbot.
- Calotypes produced negatives (allowing multiple prints) and reduced exposure times to 1–3 minutes.
- Members of the club photographed European travels and Edinburgh landmarks, often focusing on learning institutions and architectural detail.
- The calotype process gave images a soft, painterly quality, with strong contrasts of light and shade.
- David Octavius Hill (a painter) and Robert Adamson (a photographer) formed a key partnership, producing over 3,000 images in just four years.
- Their portraits included both the wealthy and working people, most famously the fishing community of Newhaven.
- Despite being posed, their Newhaven portraits feel natural and connected to their subjects.
- Their partnership ended with Adamson’s early death in 1848, but their work remains hugely influential.
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Key points
Section titled “Key points”- Thomas Keith was an early pioneer (mid-1850s) who understood the importance of light quality, stating he would “never expose my paper unless the light is first rate,” and created a unique historical record of Victorian Edinburgh.
- Archibald Burns (from 1858) engaged in commercial photography, illustrating tourist books, and notably undertook a photographic survey of areas slated for demolition, providing invaluable social and historical documentation.
- These pioneers demonstrate photography’s dual role in both artistic expression through the manipulation of light and its function as a tool for documenting social change.
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- The “paper negative process” mentioned is the calotype, one of the earliest negative–positive methods.
- Burns’ 1871 photographs are an early example of documentary photography being used in urban planning.
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Extra Thoughts
Section titled “Extra Thoughts”- When studying photographers, the SQA requires you to focus on explaining the impact of social, cultural, historical, and/or scientific influences on their work and practice, with specific reference to examples of their work.
- It is important to avoid providing generic biographical information about the photographer or simply listing influences without explaining their direct impact on their photographs.
- For each photographer discussed, ensure you:
- Select relevant photographers whose work connects to your project topic, genre, style, or approach.
- Identify specific influences: For example, Albert Watson draws inspiration from Michelangelo and Caravaggio (historical/cultural) for dramatic chiaroscuro and power. Ansel Adams’ Zone System (scientific/technical) allowed precise tonal control in his landscapes, which also supported his advocacy for wilderness preservation (social/cultural). Berenice Abbott’s “Changing New York” series demonstrated photography’s power in social documentation by capturing urban development. The Edinburgh Calotype Club and early pioneers like Thomas Keith and Archibald Burns documented their cities, providing unique historical records and illustrating photography’s role in documenting social change through new calotype processes (scientific/historical).
- Refer to one or two examples of their work: Explain how these identified influences are evident in and impact a specific photograph or body of work by that photographer.
- Demonstrate a clear link: Clearly articulate how the influence shaped the photographer’s artistic choices, technical application, or the subject matter of their work.
Exercise
Section titled “Exercise”- Do any of the above examples inspire you? If not, find some photographers who do inspire you, either way:
- Write down what inspires you most, draw points from specific photographs.